References and data sources
These are the sources used to produce the times. How they are combined is explained on the methodology page.
Calculation
- Adhan — prayer time calculation library.
- Astronomy Engine — independent astronomical calculation, used to verify every timetable.
Calculation methods
- Muslim World League (Fajr 18°, Isha 17°)
- University of Islamic Sciences, Karachi (18°, 18°)
- ISNA, Islamic Society of North America (15°, 15°)
- Umm al-Qura, Makkah (Fajr 18.5°, Isha 90 minutes after Maghrib, 120 in Ramadan)
- Diyanet, Turkey (18°, 17°)
- Egyptian General Authority of Survey (19.5°, 17.5°)
- Grande Mosquée de Paris (16°, 15°) and UOIF (12°, 12°)
- Kemenag, Indonesia (20°, 18°); MUIS, Singapore (20°, 18°)
- UAE IACAD / Awqaf (18.2°, 18.2°)
- Ministries of religious affairs of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria; Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran